Appendix 9-010 - References

CMH EMS & MIH Protocols

References:

About Drugs. (n.d.). Retrieved December 26, 2014, from http://www.aboutdrugs.net/
Ada County Paramedics. (n.d.). Community paramedics self-management plans.
Ada County Paramedics. (n.d.). Community paramedics health assessment form.
Advanced Cardiac Life Support. (2020). ACLS drugs for bradycardia. Retrieved from https://acls-algorithms.com/acls-drugs/bradycardia/.
Alderfer, G. (2016, June 6). Pre-hospital sepsis treatment for continued care by hospitalists. (T. Becker, Interviewer)
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2018). Nancy Caroline's emergency care in the streets (8th ed. Vol. 1). (A. N. Pollak, Ed.) Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2006). Pediatric education for prehospital professionals (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2021, June). Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation (8th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1542/9781610025256
American Heart Association. (2020). ACLS 2020 Instructor Update. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://elearning.heart.org.
American Heart Association. (2020). BLS 2020 Instructor Update. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://elearning.heart.org.
American Heart Association. (2020). Emergency medical services acute stroke routing. Mission: Lifeline stroke. doi:1/20DS15698
American Stroke Association. (n.d.). Current treatment approaches for acute ischemic stroke. Retrieved February 18, 2021, from American Stroke Association: https://www.stroke.org/-/media/Stroke-Files/Ischemic-Stroke-Professional-Materials/AIS-Toolkit/AIS-Professional-Education-Presentation-ucm_485538
Anthony, R. (2020, October 28). Guideline 1-700-33 update. CMHEMS Slack communications in #committee-protocol channel.
Appelboam, A., Reuben, A., Mann, C., Gagg, J., Ewings, P., Barton, A., . . . Benger, J. (2015, October 31). Postural modification to the standard Valsalva manoeuvre for emergency treatment of supraventricular tachycardias (REVERT): A randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 386(10005), 1747-1753. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61485-4
Aroor, S., Singh, R., & Goldstein, L. B. (2016, September 23). BE-FAST (balance, eyes, face, arm, speech, time) reducing the proportion of strokes missed using the FAST mnemonic. Stroke, 479-481. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015169
Ashcraft, S., Wilson, S., Nystrom, K. V., Dusenbury, W., Wira, C. R., & Burrus, T. M. (2021, March 12). Care of the patient with acute ischemic stroke (prehospital and acute phase of care): Update to the 2009 comprehensive nursing care scientific statement. Stroke. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000356

Ballard, D., Vinson, D. (2019, February). Nauseated patient? Inhaled isopropanol does the job. Emergency Medicine News, 31.
Baqai, K., Chiang, S., Kugler, D., Neitz, J., Quelhorst, E., & Washko, J. D. (n.d.). Community paramedicine program framework. Retrieved from North Shore LIJ Center for Emergency Medical Services: https://www.naemt.org/docs/default-source/community-paramedicine/mih-cp-toolkit/community-paramedicine-framework-paper-v7-7.docx?sfvrsn=2
Barrett, B. & Best, J. (2021, January 14). Aspirin administration by EMS (2021).
Becker, T. (2020, March 29). Daily COVID-19 status update.
Becker, T., Weaver, A., Roberts, A., & Ryan, T. (2020). Crew leader expectations. Bolivar.
Bernard, S. A., Smith, K., Porter, R., Jones, C., Gailey, A., Cresswell, B., . . . StClair, T. (2015). Paramedic rapid sequence intubation in patients with non-traumatic coma. Emergency Medicine Journal, 32(1), 60-64. doi:10.1136/emermed-2013-202930
Bhattacharyya, M., Kalra, V., & Gulati, S. (2006). Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam in acute childhood seizures. Pediatric neurology, 34(5), 355-359.
BJC HealthCare. (2017, April 15). Critical care transport team at St Louis Children's Hospital pocket guide.
Bledsoe, B. E. (2013, August 1). The evidence against backboards. EMSWorld.
Bledsoe, B., & Benner, R. (2006). Critical care paramedic. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Pretice Hall.
Bledsoe, B., Porter, R., & Cherry, R. A. (2011). Essentials of paramedic care (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Pretice Hall.
Bloom, R. (2006). Textbook of neonatal resuscitation (5th ed.). Dallas, TX: American Heart Association.
Boland, L. L., Satterlee, P. A., & Jansen, P. R. (2014, January 22). Cervical spine fractures in elderly patients with hip fracture after low-level fall: An opportunity to refine prehospital spinal immobilization guidelines? Prehospital and disaster medicine, 29(1), 96-99.
Bollaert, P. E., Bauer, P., Audibert, G., Lambert, H., & Larcan, A. (1990, October). Effects of epinephrine on hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in dopamine-resistant septic shock. Chest, 98(4), 949-953. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.98.4.949
Borland, M. L., Bergesio, R., Pascoe, E. M., Turner, S., & Woodger, S. (2005). Intranasal fentanyl is an equivalent analgesic to oral morphine in paediatric burns patients for dressing changes: A randomised double blind crossover study. Burns, 831-837.
Brandt, M. (2018, December 1). Cox EMS badge cards. 19.2. (L. Divine, Ed.) Springfield, Missouri. Retrieved July 20, 2019, from https://www.coxhealth.com/documents/495/EMS_Badge_Cards.pdf
Brandt, M. (2019, July 1). CoxHealth EMS medication protocols, patient care protocols, standard operating procedures, and policies. Springfield, MO. Retrieved July 20, 2019, from Cox Health EMS resources: https://www.coxhealth.com/documents/477/EMS_Clinical_Protocols_7.1.2019.pdf
Brandt, M., Lewis, T. (2020, March 24). High consequence pathogens regional protocol.
Brandt, M., Lewis, T. (2020, March 29). Risk analysis for positive pressure ventilation in the out-of-hospital environment.

Cain, J. (2008, October 1). Appropriate Prehospital Tourniquet Use. Law Officer.
Care Flight Collective. (2014, August 02). The bind when it comes to using a binder. The Collective. Retrieved December 8, 2017, from https://careflightcollective.com/2014/08/02/the-bind-when-it-comes-to-binder/
Carnahan, R. (2010, March 31). Rules of Department of Health and Senior Services, division 30 - Division of regulation and licensure, chapter 40 - Comprehensive emergency medical services systems regulations. Missouri code of state regulations. Missouri.
Carnahan, R. (2012, August 31). Title 19 - Rules of Department of Health and Senior Services Division 30 - Division of regulation and licensure Chapter 40 - Comprehensive emergency medical systems regulations. Retrieved October 2013, from Code of state regulations: http://www.sos.mo.gov/adrules/csr/current/19csr/19c30-40a.pdf
Cauchi, A. (2019, November 18). CT diversion. (N. Taylor, Interviewer) Bolivar, MO.
Cauchi, T. (2020, January 31). COBRA form ALS/BLS conversation. (T. Becker, Interviewer).
Cauchi, T. (2020, April 3). New process BVM COVID-19. (T. Becker, Interviewer).
CDC. (n.d.). Protect your patients from sepsis. PubNo 300421.
CDC. (n.d.). Personal medicines list and personal action plan.
CDC. (2017). Check for safety: A home fall prevention checklist for older adults.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016, January 7). Transmission-based precautions. Retrieved March 29, 2020, from CDC.gov: https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/basics/transmission-based-precautions.html#anchor_1564058155
Chapter 190 - Emergency services. (2012, August 28). Retrieved October 2013, from Missouri revised statutes: http://www.moga.gov/statutes/chapters/cap190.htm
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2012, April 23). Policy #PHS.01.14 - Radio report. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2012, January 24). Policy #PHS.01.27 - Special events. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2012, April 23). Policy #PHS.01.32 - Mass casualty incident response. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2012, March 12). Policy #PHS.01.33 - Ambulance transfers. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2012, April 23). Policy #PHS.01.34 - Emergency medical services triage program. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2012, January 24). Policy #PHS.02.02 - Institution of protocols. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2012, January 24). Policy #PHS.05.02 - Physical restraints used by emergency medical services. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, January). Central venous access device. Retrieved from PolicyStat: https://citizensmemorial.policystat.com/policy/990417/latest/
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, January). Intravenous venipuncture. Retrieved from PolicyStat: https://citizensmemorial.policystat.com/policy/990504/latest/
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, August 14). Policy #PHS.01.03 - Acquisition of medical control. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, August 14). Policy #PHS.01.04 - Documentation requirements. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, August 14). Policy #PHS.01.07 - Helicopter landing site designation. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, September 5). Policy #PHS.01.15 - Electronic patient care report usage. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, March 4). Policy #PHS.01.18 - Armed subject demanding narcotics. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, August 14). Policy #PHS.01.22 - Oxygen cylinders. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, July 1). Policy #PHS.01.24 - Controlled medications in prehospital services. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, August 14). Policy #PHS.01.37 - Education and competency. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, February 28). Policy #PHS.02.01 - Medical control of patient care. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, August 14). Policy #PHS.02.03 - Air transport of patients. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, August 14). Policy #PHS.02.04 - Patients determined to be dead at the scene. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, April 30). Policy #PHS.02.06 - Request for blood alcohol sample for law enforcement. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2013, August 12). Policy #PHS.03.07 - Cot lifting / Lifting of patients. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2014, January 13). Policy #EMS.09.05 - Orthopedic injuries. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2014, January 13). Policy #EMS.09.07 - Poisoning / Overdose. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2014, January 13). Policy #EMS.09.09 - Anaphylaxis management. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2014, January 13). Policy #EMS.09.10 - Removal of Cervical Collar. Policy Manual.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2014, January 28). STEMI paging system policy.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2019, January). Policy PHS01-35 - Ambulance Dispatch. Policy Stat.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2019, December). Policy HIM02-01 - History and physical. Policy Stat.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2021, April). Policy HHA09-19 - Post-Inpatient facility plan of treatment. Policy Stat.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2021, October). Sepsis Order Set OS01-118. Policy Stat.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2022, December). Medication administration and documentation. Policy Stat.
Citizens Memorial Hospital. (2023, March). Hospital readmission risk reduction
Clarke, S. F., Dargan, P. I., & Jones, A. L. (2005, September). Naloxone in opiod poisoning: Walking the tightrope. Emergency Medicine Journal, 22(9), 612-616. doi:10.1136/emj.2003.009613
Clemency, B. M., Thompson, J. J., Tundo, G. N., & Lindstrom, H. A. (2013, October). Prehospital high-dose sublingual nitroglycerin rarely causes hypotension. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 28(5), 477-481.
CMS. (n.d.). AHC HRSN screening tool core questions. Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation.
Collopy, K.T. (2015, June 19). 4 steps to prepare for prehospital antibiotic administration. EMS1. Retrieved from https://www.ems1.com/ems-products/ambulance-disposable-supplies/articles/4-steps-to-prepare-for-prehospital-antibiotic-administration-eSXbQpmrZdqfEn0N/
Collopy, K., Pickford, M., Zimmerman, L., & Powers, W. (2018, July). Administration of prehospital Cefazalin in trauma patients. Air Medical Journal, 37(4), 237-238. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2018.04.009
Colon, V., Grade, A., Pulliam, G., Johnson, C., & Fass, R. (1999, Winter). Effect of doses of glucagon used to treat food impaction on esophageal motor function of normal subjects. Dysphagia, 14(1), 27-30. doi:10.1007/PL00009581
Comerford, K., & Labus, D. (Eds.). (2010). Nursing drug handbook (30th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
Committee for Tactical Emergency Casualty Care. (2014, June). Guidelines. Retrieved January 30, 2015, from http://c-tecc.org/guidelines
Composite Resources, Inc. (n.d.). Combat application tourniquet instructions for use. Rock Hill, SC.
Cooper, J. (2015, January 21). STEMI center mentorship. (T. Becker, Interviewer)
Cox Paramedics. (2014, February 13). Cox Paramedics Protocols. (M. Dawson, Ed.) Springfield, MO.
Cox, J. B. (2017, July). Deleware EMS Protocols. Sussex County, DE.
Craig, S. (2018). South Carolina community paramedic protocols.
Cranberry Township EMS. (n.d.). CTEMS wellness checklists.
CredibleMeds. (2015, September 15). Combined list of drugs that prolong QT and/or cause Torsades de Pointes (TDP). Retrieved November 17, 2015, from CredibleMeds: https://www.crediblemeds.org/new-drug-list/
Cyanokit. (2012, November 15). Cyanokit. Retrieved from Cyanokit: http://www.cyanokit.com

Day, N. P., Phu, N. H., Bethell, D., Mai, N. T., Chau, T. T., Hien, T. T., & White, N. J. (1996, September). The effects of dopamine and adrenaline infusions on acid-base balance and systemic haemodynamics in servere infection. The Lancet, 348(9031), 902. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)09096-4
De Backer, D., Aldecoa, C., Nijmi, H., & Vincent, J. L. (2012, March). Dopamine versus norepinephrine in the treatment of septic shock: A meta-analysis. Critical care medicine, 3(40), 725-730. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31823778ee
De Backer, D., Biston, P., Devriendt, J., Madl, C., Chochrad, D., Aldecoa, C., . . . Vincent, J. L. (2010, March 4). Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. New England Journal of Medicine, 9(362), 779-789. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0907118
DeBacker, D., Creteur, J., Silva, E., & Vincent, J.-L. (2003, June). Effects of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine on the splanchnic circulation in septic shock: Which is best? Critical care medicine, 31(6), 1659-1667. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000063045.77339.B6
Denver Metro EMS Medical Directors. (2017, July). Denver Metro EMS Protocols. Retrieved from Denver Metro EMS Medical Directors: http://www.dmemsmd.org/
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Dobson, T., Jensen, J. L., Karim, S., & Travers, A. H. (2009). Correlation of paramedic administration of furosemide with emergency physician diagnosis of congestive heart failure. Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care, 7(3). doi:990378
Donohue, J., Hanania, N., Ciubotaru, R., Noe, L., Pasta, D., Schaefer, K., . . . Roach, J. (2008). Comparison of levalbuterol and racemic albuterol in hospitalized patients with acute asthma or COPD: A 2-week, multicenter, randomized, open-label study. Clinical therapeutics, 30, 989-1002.
Doyle, G. S., & Taillac, P. P. (2008, April/June). Tourniquets: A review of current use with proposals for expanded prehospital use. Prehospital emergency care, 12(2).

Eagle County Paramedic Services. (2013). Community paramedic protocols manual.
Eipe, N., Barrowman, N., Writer, H., & Doherty, D. (2003, April). A weight-based formula for traceal tube size in children. Paediatric Anaesthesia, 19(4), 343-348. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02916.x
Eller, B. (2017, October 12). Tactical combat casualty care - Military provider. Jefferson City, Missouri: Velley TEMS.
Euser, A. G., & Cipolla, M. J. (2009). Magnesium sulfate for the treatment of eclampsia. Stroke, 40, 1169-1175. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.527788

Feng, C., Chan, K., Liu, K., Or, C., & Lee, T. (1996, June). A comparison of lidocaine, fentanyl, and esmolol for attenuation of cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Acta anaesthesiologica sinica, 34(2), 61-67. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9084524
Ferreri, S., Blalock, S., Robinson, J., Renfro, C., Busby-Whitehead, J., Burns, E., Haddad, Y. (2020). Steadi-Rx older adult fall prevention guide for community pharmacists. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.
Filanovsky, Y., Miller, P., & Kao, J. (2010). Myth: Ketamine should not be used as an induction agent for intubation in patients with head injury. Canadian journal of emergency medicine, 12(2), 154-157.
Finn, J., Wright, J., Fong, J., Mackenzie, E., Wood, F., Leslie, G., & Gelavis, A. (2004). A randomised crossover trial of patient controlled intranasal fentanyl and oral morphine for procedural wound care in adult patients with burns. Burns, 262-268.
Flores, R. (2012, November 30). Saving life and limb. On patrol - The magazine of the USO.
Flower, O., & Hellings, S. (2012). Sedation in traumatic brain injury. Emergency medicine international, 2012.
Flynn, B. (2020, October 27). O-Two ventilator settings. (T. Becker, interviewer).
Flynn, B. (2021). Rapid sequence intubation checklist.
Foerster, C. R. (2013, June 19). The effect of spinal immobilization on vital signs. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 28(5), 533-534.

Giacone, J. (2020, November 5). Linking ESO at Saint Luke's Health System Hospitals. Kansas City, Missouri.
Giesbrecht, G. (2018, December). "Cold card" to guide responders in the assessment and care of cold-exposed patients. Wilderness & environmental medicine, 29(4), 499-503. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2018.07.001
Gore, Z. (2023). Asthma, COPD, CKD, and general safety assessment homework assignment for community paramedic academy.
Gore, Z. (2023). Chronic kidney disease homework assignment for community paramedic academy.
Gore, Z. (2023). Sepsis homework assignment for community paramedic academy.
Gore, Z. (2023). General safety assessment homework assignment for community paramedic academy.
Green, T. L., McNair, N. D., Hinkle, J. L., Middleton, S., Miller, E. T., Perrin, S., . . . Summers, D. V. (2021, March 12). Care of the patient with acute ischemic stroke (posthyperacute and prehospital discharge): Update to 2009 comprehensive nursing care scientific statement. Stroke. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000357
Guglin, M., & Postler, G. (2009, August 10). High dose nitroglycerin treatment in a patient with cardiac arrest: A case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 3, 8782-8785.

Hammond, D. A., Lam, S. W., Rech, M. A., Smith, M. N., Westrick, J., Trivedi, A. P., & Balk, R. A. (2019, July 31). Balanced crystalloids versus saline in critically ill adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1060028019866420
Handtevy Inc. (n.d.). Handtevy Mobile app.
Harkness, S. R. (2017, March). Sepsis: A time critical diagnosis? Springfield, MO.
Helfman, S., Gold, M., DeLisser, E., & Herrington, C. (1991, April). Which drug prevents tachycardia and hypertension associated with tracheal intubation: Lidocaine, fentanyl, or esmolol? Anesthesia and analgesia, 72(4), 482-486. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1672488
Hendricks, C. (2004). The PEAT scale: An EMS tool. EMS World.
Heuer, J. F., Crozier, T. A., Howard, G., & Quintel, M. (2013). Can breathing circuit filters help prevent the spread of influenza A (H1N1) virus from intubated patients? GMS hygiene and infection control, 8(1). Retrieved from doi: https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000209
Heuser, W., Menaik, R., Gupta, S., & Rucco, R. (2017, May 1). Appropriate selection of corticosteroids in treating asthma and COPD. Journal of emergency medical services, 42(5). Retrieved March 15, 2019, from https://www.jems.com
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Hochhaus, G., Barth, J., al-Fayoumi, S., Suarez, S., Derendorf, H., Hochhaus, R., & Mollmann, H. (2001). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexamethasone sodium-m-sulfobenzoate (DS) after intravenous and intramuscular administration: A comparison with dexamethasone phosphate (DP). Journal of clinical pharmacology, 41(4), 425-434.
Hollabaugh, M. (2017, February 13). CMH Pharmacy consultation.
Hollabaugh, M. (2020, June). CMH Policy NUR09-08 - Medication reconciliation. Policy Stat.
Holsti, M., Sill, B. L., Firth, S. D., Filloux, F. M., Joyce, S. M., & Furnival, R. A. (2007, March). Prehospital intranasal midazolam for the treatment of pediatric seizures. Pediatric emergency care, 23(3), 148-153.
Howard, E. (2015). Advanced airway strategies: RSI, how and why. Bolivar, MO.
Hui, D. S., Hall, S. D., Chan, M. T., Chow, B. K., Ng, S. S., Gin, T., & Surg, J. J. (2007, August). Exhaled air dispersion during oxygen delivery via a simple oxygen mask. Chest, 132(2), 540-546. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-0636
Hui, D. S., Hall, S. D., Chan, M. T., Chow, B. K., Tsou, J. Y., Joynt, G. M., . . . Sung, J. J. (2006, September). Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation: An experimental model to assess air and particle dispersion. Chest, 130(3), 730-740. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.130.3.730
Hunter, C. L., Silvestri, S., Dean, M., Falk, J. L., & Papa, L. (2012, May 25). End-tidal carbon dioxide is associated with mortality and lactate in patients with suspected sepsis. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 64-71.

Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. (2012). Crisis standards of care - A systems framework for catastrophic disaster response. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
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Intersurgical Complete Respiratory Systems. (2016, November). i-gel user guide. Retrieved February 22, 2021, from Intersurgical Complete Respiratory Systems: https://www.intersurgical.com/info/igel

Jauch, E. C., Schwamm, L. H., Panogos, P. D., Barbazzeni, J., Dickson, R., Dunne, R., . . . Yallapragada, A. (2001, May 12). Recommendations for regional stroke destination plans in rural, suburban, and urban communities from the prehospital stroke system of care consensus conference. Stroke, 52. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.033228
Jilani, T. & Siddiqui, A. (2023, February 20). Tissue plasminogen activator. National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507917/
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Jones, C. (2020, October 29). Documentation guidelines update suggestions.

Karsten, S. (2020, March 22). PSAP and dispatcher advisory.
Keeney, G. E., Gray, M. P., Morrison, A. K., Levas, M. N., Kessler, E. A., Hill, G. D., . . . Jackson, J. L. (2014). Dexamethasone for acute asthma exacerbations in children: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 133(3), 493-499.
Keller, S. (2020, May 20). Clinical review process. Bolivar, MO.
Kragh, J. F., Walters, T. J., Baer, D. G., Fox, C. J., Wade, C. E., Salinas, J., & Holcomb, J. B. (2008, February). Practical use of emergency tourniquets to stop bleeding in major limb trauma. The journal of trauma injury, infection, and critical care, 64(2), S38-S50.

Lack, W., Seymour, R., Bickers, A., Studnek, J., & Karunakar, M. (2019, May-June). Prehospital antibiotic prophylaxis for open fractures: Practicality and safety. Prehospital Emergency Care, 23(3), 385-388. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2018.1514089
Lam, S., & Chen, J. (2003). Changes in heart rate associated with nebulized racemic albuterol and levalbuterol in intensive care patients. American journal of health-system pharmacy, 60(19), 1971-1975.
Laszlo, N. K., Differding, J. A., Enomoto, T. M., Sawai, R. S., Muller, P. J., Diggs, B., . . . Schreiber, M. A. (2006, July). Resuscitation with normal saline (NS) vs. lactated ringers (LR) modulates hypercoagulability and leads to increased blood loss in an uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock swine model. The journal of trauma injury, infection, and critical care, 61(1), 57-65.
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Leeman, L., & Fontaine, P. (2008, July 1). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. American family physician, 78(1), 93-100. Retrieved from https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0701/p93.html
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Liberty, T. (2023). History and physical exam homework assignment for community paramedic academy.
Liberty, T. (2023). Wound care homework assignment for community paramedic academy.
Liberty, T. (2023). Vaccine infusion homework assignment for community paramedic academy.
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Change Log:

Date	Link to previous version	Description of change
03/30/20	pdf	Added content from 9-010 - References.
01/19/21	pdf	Added references cited in 2020 AHA updates and interview with Dr. Nicholes.
02/18/21	pdf	Added American Stroke Association
03/24/21		Added more stroke resources.
06/15/21	pdf	Moved to emsprotocols.online
10/14/21	pdf	Added Flynn RSI checklist
10/14/21		Added ACLS and Scott entries from atropine research.
10/15/21		Added CMH policy stat order set for sepsis.
02/25/22	pdf	Added reference for Sibley (intranasal glucagon).
02/25/22		Added Sukovaty for targeted temperature management.
10/05/22	pdf	Added reference to Mathew, Kumar, Sahu, Wali, Aggarwal.
04/27/23		Added several references.
05/16/23		Multiple additions for MIH protocols.
05/26/23		Added various sources from MIH protocol references.

Return to Protocols Table of Contents.

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